1) 核心概念 | What is a negative question?

否定形式来提问的句子。常见功能:

  • 确认预期(以为答案是“是”):Aren’t you Tom’s sister?
  • 表示惊讶/不满:Don’t you ever check your email?
  • 建议/邀请(更委婉):Why don’t we start? / Won’t you join us?

2) 结构 | Forms

A. be 动词

  • Isn’t / Aren’t / Wasn’t / Weren’t + 主语 + …?
    Isn’t she at home?  Aren’t you ready?

B. 助动词 do / does / did

  • Don’t / Doesn’t / Didn’t + 主语 + 动词原形 …?
    Don’t you like coffee?  Didn’t he call you?

C. 情态动词

  • Can’t / Won’t / Wouldn’t / Shouldn’t + 主语 + 动词原形 …?
    Can’t we park here?  Wouldn’t it be better to wait?

D. 完成时

  • Haven’t / Hasn’t + 主语 + 过去分词 …?
    Haven’t you finished yet?
常见缩略:isn’t / aren’t / don’t / doesn’t / didn’t / can’t / won’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t / haven’t / hasn’t …

3) 回答规则 | How to answer (看事实,不看“否定”)

  • Aren’t you coming?
    Yes, I am.(来) / No, I’m not.(不来)
  • Don’t you like sushi?
    Yes, I do.(喜欢) / No, I don’t.(不喜欢)
  • Haven’t you finished?
    Yes, I have.(已完成) / No, I haven’t.(还没)
技巧:用相同助动词/系动词做简短回答(short answers):Yes/No + 主语 + 助动词/系动词。

4) 语气与用法 | Meanings in context

  • 中性确认:Haven’t you seen this film?(我以为你看过)
  • 惊讶/抱怨:Don’t you ever listen?(你怎么就不听?)
  • 建议/邀请:Why don’t we take a break? / Won’t you come in?

5) 附加疑问(反意疑问)| Tag questions

  • You’re coming, aren’t you?(确认)
  • You don’t like it, do you?(确认否定陈述)
规则:肯定陈述 + 否定标签 / 否定陈述 + 肯定标签

6) 常见句型 | Useful patterns

  • Why don’t you/we + 动词原形…?(建议/邀请)
    Why don’t we start with Task 1?
  • Why not + 动词原形…?(更简洁的建议)
    Why not try again?
  • Won’t you…? / Wouldn’t it…?(更礼貌/委婉)
    Wouldn’t it be better to wait?
  • How can you not + 动词原形…?(强烈情绪)
    How can you not love this city?

some/any 小贴士

  • 期待肯定答复可用 some:Haven’t you got some time?
  • 一般开放提问多用 any:Don’t you have any time?

7) 语调提示 | Intonation

  • 升调(↗):更开放、真在询问
  • 降调(↘):更像确认/表示惊讶或不满

8) 易错点 | Common mistakes

  • 避免双重否定(正式英语):Don’t you have any time?(O)
    Don’t you have no time?(X)
  • 助动词一致:用和问句一致的助动词短答(don’t → do / haven’t → have)。
  • 写作体裁:Task 2 正式书面文少用情绪化否定疑问;可改为陈述 + 解释
    X Don’t we all want freedom?
    O Most people value freedom, as evidenced by …

9) 雅思表达 | IELTS-ready

  • 建议/引导观点:Wouldn’t it be better to invest in public transport?
  • 温和质疑:Isn’t it unrealistic to expect immediate results?
  • 礼貌邀请(口语 Part 3 场景设问/互动):Why don’t we look at the data first?