IELTS 写作中的「插入语」(Parenthetical / Interrupting Elements) 全解析

作用：在不破坏句子主干的前提下，补充说明、强调或引入观点，从而让行文更自然、逻辑更清晰。熟练使用插入语可在 Coherence & Cohesion (衔接) 和 Grammar Range & Accuracy 两项拉分。

类型	句法形式	例句（插入语加粗）	使用注意
非限制性定语从句	which / who / where…	The mixture, which is now viscous, is pumped into moulds.	不可用 that；前后需逗号
副词或副词短语	however / therefore / in fact / indeed…	Oil is added; however, water is removed.	作逻辑衔接，逗号包围或前后分号
同位语/补充说明	名词/名词短语	The turbine—a large metal disc—spins at 1 000 rpm.	破折号更突出强调
分词短语	-ing / -ed 开头	The slurry, having been filtered, flows into a storage tank.	展示高阶语法；注意主语一致

写作建议：Task 1 用逗号或破折号即可；括号偶尔可用，但勿滥用。

原句	插入语版本
The steam drives a turbine.	The steam, under high pressure, drives a turbine.
The liquid is cooled and then bottled.	The liquid is cooled and then bottled, ready for distribution.
Farmers collect the latex.	Farmers, most of whom work manually, collect the latex.
The process repeats itself.	The process—a self-sustaining cycle—repeats itself.

使用原则

高频话题	原始句	插入语版（加粗）	功能
科技—社交媒体	Social networking sites have changed the way people communicate.	Social networking sites, for better or worse, have changed the way people communicate.	承认利弊，引出后文对比
教育—网课取代面授	Online courses will eventually replace classroom teaching.	Online courses will eventually replace classroom teaching, many educators contend, within the next decade.	引入引用/权威说法，增强说服力

高频话题	原始句	插入语版	功能
工作—Home-office	Supporters argue that working from home improves productivity.	Supporters argue that working from home, when managed properly, improves productivity.	附加条件，限定语
旅游—国际旅行是否有害文化	Opponents claim tourism damages local traditions.	Opponents claim tourism—especially mass package tours—damages local traditions.	细化范围，具体化论点

高频话题	原始句	插入语版	功能
环境—核能	Nuclear power offers a low-carbon alternative to fossil fuels.	Nuclear power offers a low-carbon alternative to fossil fuels, at least in theory.	表示保留态度
健康—素食主义	A plant-based diet benefits public health.	A plant-based diet, when balanced correctly, benefits public health.	指出先决条件

高频话题	原始句	插入语版	用法
城市拥堵	Rapid urbanisation causes severe traffic congestion.	Rapid urbanisation, coupled with inadequate public transport, causes severe traffic congestion.	并列补充第二原因
青少年犯罪	Lack of parental supervision leads to juvenile crime.	Lack of parental supervision leads to juvenile crime, as evidenced by recent UK statistics.	插入数据/证据来源

高频话题	原始句	插入语版	功能
全球化—语言消失	Some people think globalisation threatens minority languages.	Some people think globalisation threatens minority languages—a claim hotly disputed by linguists.	插入让步/对立声音
政府—公共艺术资助	The government should fund public art projects.	The government should fund public art projects, critics argue, only after essential services are fully financed.	引入反方观点，承上启下

副词插入
- however, indeed, admittedly, arguably, consequently
- Renewable energy is, arguably, the most viable long-term solution.
学术语气插入
- it seems, in most cases, by contrast, notably
- Childhood obesity has risen dramatically, notably in urban areas.
数据/例证插入
- according to + 机构, as illustrated by, as shown in
- E-commerce sales doubled, according to UNCTAD, during the pandemic.
破折号强调
- The internet—an unprecedented repository of information—has reshaped education.
避免主谓不一致
- 插入语不改变主干主语：Education, as most experts agree, plays a pivotal role.（主干依旧第三人称单数 plays）